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Contexts 3.4.2: Learn the Basics of Context Managers in Python with contextlib



Skipping parts of a score can be controlled in a more fine-grainedfashion with the property Score.skipTypesetting. When it isset, no typesetting is performed at all. As a property of theScore context, it affects all voices and staves; seeScore - the master of all contexts.




Contexts 3.4.2




An action can be authorized by one or more actors previously created on the blockchain. Actions can be created explicitly within a smart contract, or generated implicitly by application code. For any given actor:action pair there is at most one explicit associated minimum permission. If there are no explicit minimum permissions set, the implicit default is actor@active. Each actor can independently set their personal minimum permission for a given action. Also, a complex but flexible authorization structure is in place within the EOSIO software to allow actors to push actions on behalf of other accounts. Thus, further checks are enforced to authorize an actor to send an action (see 3.4.2. Permission Check).


The action instances may consist of regular actions or context free actions. Signatures are created and validated at the transaction level. Accounts and permissions are handled on a per action basis. Each action instance contains information to validate whether it is authorized to be executed based on the permission levels of the actors specified in the action and the actual authorizations defined in the smart contract for that action (see 3.4.2. Permission Check).


The process to verify a transaction is twofold. First, the public keys associated with the accounts that signed the transaction are recovered from the set of signatures provided in the transaction. Such a recovery is cryptographically possible for ECDSA, the elliptic curve digital signature algorithm used in EOSIO. Second, the public key of each actor specified in the list of action authorizations (actor:permission) from each action included in the transaction is checked against the set of recovered keys to see if it is satisfied. Third, each satisfied actor:permission is checked against the associated minimum permission required for that actor:contract::action pair to see if it meets or exceeds that minimum. This last check is performed at the action level before any action is executed (see 3.4.2. Permission Check).


The org.springframework.beans and org.springframework.context packages are the basis for Spring Framework's IoC container. The BeanFactory interface provides an advanced configuration mechanism capable of managing any type of object. ApplicationContext is a sub-interface of BeanFactory. It adds easier integration with Spring's AOP features; message resource handling (for use in internationalization), event publication; and application-layer specific contexts such as the WebApplicationContext for use in web applications.


The listener inspects the contextConfigLocation parameter. If the parameter does not exist, the listener uses /WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml as a default. When the parameter does exist, the listener separates the String by using predefined delimiters (comma, semicolon and whitespace) and uses the values as locations where application contexts will be searched. Ant-style path patterns are supported as well. Examples are /WEB-INF/*Context.xml for all files with names ending with "Context.xml", residing in the "WEB-INF" directory, and /WEB-INF/**/*Context.xml, for all such files in any subdirectory of "WEB-INF".


RAR deployment is ideal for application contexts that do not need HTTP entry points but rather consist only of message endpoints and scheduled jobs. Beans in such a context can use application server resources such as the JTA transaction manager and JNDI-bound JDBC DataSources and JMS ConnectionFactory instances, and may also register with the platform's JMX server - all through Spring's standard transaction management and JNDI and JMX support facilities. Application components can also interact with the application server's JCA WorkManager through Spring's TaskExecutor abstraction.


I'm trying to configure a process with Hadoop security (Hive metastore server) to talk to ZooKeeper 3.4.2 with Kerberos authentication. In this scenario Hadoop controls the SASL configuration (org.apache.hadoop.security.UserGroupInformation.HadoopConfiguration), instead of setting up the ZooKeeper "Client" loginContext via jaas.conf and system property


Additional sources are specific to urban contexts. Some of these are city directories, photographic collections, and municipal records regarding the installation or initiation of water, sewer, and trash collection services.


3.2.2.1. Prehistoric Sites, Rural Settings. The sorts of observations specifically relevant to the discovery of prehistoric sites in rural settings include small-scale variations in physical geography (i.e., topography, hydrology, pedology, geomorphology) and biotic communities. These sorts of observations can supplement the more generalized data available from geologic, soils, and topographic maps. Small-scale environmental variations were often important considerations in prehistoric site selection. Also, evidence of prior natural and cultural landscape modifications (e.g., alluvial sedimentation and drainage ditching) can enable refining plans for fieldwork. Under certain circumstances, a geomorphologist or pedologist should be consulted to assess potential for deeply buried artifact deposits within an APE (e.g., in floodplain, colluvial slope, or alluvial fan depositional contexts).


3.3.2. Historic Sites, Rural Settings The development of models regarding the distribution of historic period sites in rural contexts will tend to be more location-specific than is the case for prehistoric sites. Maps and other documents will generally identify specific locations, with a greater or lesser degree of accuracy, where sites were situated. One basis for the stratification of the APE will therefore be the presence or absence of areas with recorded indications of historic occupation. However, especially for the earlier part of the historic period, documentary sources may be inadequate or nonexistent. Poorer segments of the population and more ephemeral buildings and structures (e.g., tenant residences, neighborhoods of ethnic or racial minorities) are also frequently under-represented in the documentary record. Therefore, it is also important to assess the general development of the APE, and identify types of settlements, industries, modes of transportation, and the like which will permit the generation of predictions about likely locations of unrecorded historic sites, as is done for prehistoric sites. Observations made during the field inspection may also be useful in historic site location modeling.


3.3.3. Urban Settings Urban archaeology deals with archaeological remains of both the urban and pre-urban periods. Therefore, the approach to modelling site characteristics in urban contexts is likely to combine elements of models for prehistoric and historic sites in rural contexts along with criteria unique to urban settings. Urban archaeology also requires special field and analytical techniques suited to this context.


To begin with, the prehistoric configuration of the landscape should be determined to the extent possible, both in order to assess the likelihood of prehistoric occupation and to have a baseline against which subsequent development can be assessed. In addition, attention should be paid to reconstructing physical changes in the APE resultant from urbanization. Typically, successive buildings on a lot become larger, encompassing increasingly greater percentages of its area. A lot which once had a backyard with outbuildings and facilities (e.g., privy, well, cistern, etc.) may later support a building encompassing its entire area. Depending on the depth of the new building's foundation, the earlier backyard features may or may not have been destroyed. Also, natural landscape features (e.g., streambank, fast land adjacent to wetlands) which may have been occupied in the past are often progressively altered by filling, cutting, or other modifications. These will frequently retain important archaeological deposits if they have not been destroyed by subsequent development. The subdivision of once-larger lots also tends to obscure the pattern of earlier occupations. A discussion of the survival of prehistoric and early historic sites in urban contexts is provided in Marshall (1984).


In contexts where it can be demonstrated that all Holocene sediments are contained within a plow zone, surface inspection supplemented by broad interval subsurface testing is recommended to identify sites, provided that rainfall subsequent to plowing has been sufficient to wash obscuring sediments from exposed artifacts and that the ground surface visibility is at least 50%. Cultivated fields may be plowed or disced to eliminate ground cover, as long as the plowing does not extend deeper than previous disturbance. The absence of potentially artifact bearing deposits below the depth of plowing should be adequately documented by subsurface probing, especially within the limits of identified sites.


3.4.2. Historic Sites, Rural Settings Methods and techniques for the discovery of historic sites in rural contexts are largely similar to those employed for prehistoric sites (South and Widmer 1977); and many of the same concerns regarding site distribution, stratification of the APE, and the need for statistically valid sampling apply (House 1977). However, the availability of written and graphic records and visible physical remains will often make the stratification of the APE into high, medium and low potential areas more precise, at least for the later, better- documented periods. Nevertheless, the field techniques for detecting the presence of sites--primarily surface inspection and various forms of subsurface probing--are similar. A few techniques, such as the use of metal detectors, are specific to historic period sites. The basic intensity of examination used to identify historic sites should be the same as that used to detect prehistoric sites. 2ff7e9595c


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